Figure 1: Possible mechanism of the effects of physical activity on cardiovascular symptoms through altering AGEs. Physical activity affects cardiovascular diseases through direct and indirect effects on AGE levels including enhancing endothelial function, improving blood sugar levels and insulin sensitivity, altering inflammatory mediators, inflammation, ROS production and decreasing arterial stiffness. AGE = Advanced glycation end product, RAGE = Receptor for AGE, NADPH oxidase = Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, ROS = Reactive oxygen species, eNOS = Endothelial nitric oxide synthase, NO = Nitric oxide