| REVIEW ARTICLE |
|
| Year : 2017 | Volume
: 1
| Issue : 1 | Page : 22-35 |
|
|
Updates in vascular dementia
Nora Olazabal Eizaguirre1, Gerardo Priego Rementeria2, Miguel Ángel González-Torres1, Moises Gaviria3
1 Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
2 Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
3 Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Correspondence Address:
Nora Olazabal Eizaguirre
Pabellón Eskuza, Hospital Basurto, Avenida Montevideo 18, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia
Spain
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/hm.hm_4_16
|
|
|
It has been more than a hundred years since Alzheimer and Binswanger's first description of vascular dementia (VaD). Ever since then, histopathology research and neuroimaging techniques have allowed the development of new pathogenic, etiologic, and treatment hypotheses. The “vascular cognitive impairment (VCI)” concept has also been developed, and it includes all grades of cognitive dysfunction of a vascular origin. Early detection of dementia as well as its primary prevention is the main goals for clinicians. For this reason, new scales, new diagnostic criteria, and preventive treatments have been proposed. The association between stroke and VaD is already known, but a comprehensive review of this relationship reveals a bidirectional causality. Depression has been hypothesized as a risk factor for later dementia development. Late-life depression is the most associated condition; however, studies have found it works as a prodromal state symptom. Deep knowledge in vascular risk factors that are involved in vascular origin cognitive decline is the most important prevention tool. Hypertension, Type II diabetes, cholesterol, and inflammation markers have demonstrated to increase the risk of VaD. Evidence supporting treatments for primary and secondary prevention of VaD and VCI are presented. |
|
|
|
| [FULL TEXT] [PDF]* |
|
 |
|
